While the original GVC formulation tends to treat the state as a context for firm-specific action, GPN researchers are more explicit in their incorporation of state institutions in shaping the constitution of global production networks.

Upgrading means the increase of benefits and or profits that come from participating in global value chains (Gereffi, 2013, Gereffi and Korzeniewicz, 1994). Upgrading is a strategic move to firms and can be of various forms.

Carrie ages approximately one year each season, as she turns 35 in season four. By the end of the original series, Carrie is 38. This correlates with the season six episode titled Catch-38.  In the first season of HBO's SATC  reboot, And Just Like That,  Carrie is 55.

The Agony and the 'Ex'-tacy\n\n In the fourth-season premiere of this smash-hit comedy series, Miranda's single life becomes a comedy routine during an engagement party, Samantha is stuck on a handsome priest and Carrie's 35th birthday party is a bust.